Konu Anlatımı
Technology in the Digital Era
Dijital çağ; cihazlar, internet, yazılım ve sosyal medyayı kapsar. Bu konuda teknoloji kelime dağarcığını öğreniyoruz.
| English | Türkçe | Örnek |
|---|
| device | cihaz | A smartphone is a useful device. |
| screen | ekran | Don't spend hours in front of a screen. |
| app (application) | uygulama | I downloaded a language app. |
| software | yazılım | The software protects your data. |
| hardware | donanım | The hardware is very fast. |
| download / upload | indirmek / yüklemek | I uploaded a video. |
| log in / log out | giriş/çıkış yapmak | Log in with your password. |
| password | şifre | Use a strong password. |
| social media | sosyal medya | Many teens use social media. |
| post / share | paylaşmak | She shared a photo online. |
| stream | yayın akışı / çevrimiçi izlemek | We stream films at home. |
| virtual reality (VR) | sanal gerçeklik | VR is used in education. |
| artificial intelligence (AI) | yapay zekâ | AI can translate languages. |
| cyber security | siber güvenlik | Cyber security is important. |
Reading: Living in a Digital World
Technology has changed the way we live, learn and communicate. Today, most students use a smartphone or a tablet to access information, take notes and attend online classes. Social media allows us to stay in touch with friends, but it can also distract us from our studies. Streaming services provide endless entertainment, and virtual reality is opening new doors in education. However, we should use technology wisely. We must protect our privacy, use strong passwords and take regular breaks from screens. In my opinion, technology is a great tool as long as we control it instead of letting it control us.
Tech Talk: Devices and Actions
Cihaz anlatımlarında can ile yetenek, present simple ile işlev bildirilir: This device can transfer files and it connects to the Internet wirelessly.
Tarif ve şikâyetlerde edilgen yapı sık görülür: The screen is cracked, The files are stored in the cloud. Talimat metinlerinde ise emir kipiyle Press the button ve Do not touch the cable kalıpları kullanılır. However ve therefore gibi bağlaçlar fayda ile sınırlılığı karşılaştırır.
Teknoloji Metinlerinde Yapı ve Bağlaçlar
Teknoloji anlatımında can yetenek, present simple işlev bildirir: This app can translate texts, and it works on most devices. Cihazın ne yapabildiği can ile, her gün ne işe yaradığı ise geniş zamanla söylenir.
Tarif ve şikâyet cümlelerinde edilgen yapı yaygındır: Your data is protected by default. ve The file was deleted by mistake. Bu tür cümlelerde yapan kişi çoğu zaman belirsiz olduğundan özne atlanır.
Metin içinde artı ve eksi yönleri however, therefore ve moreover ile bağlamak gerekir: Technology helps us study; however, it can distract us if we use it all day. Bu bağlaçlar yazma sorularında aranan yapı taşlarıdır.
Ne Öğreneceğiz
In this lesson you will learn the vocabulary of the digital world: devices (smartphone, tablet, laptop, wearable), the words that describe what they do (download, upload, stream, sync, back up, update), and the systems behind them (software, hardware, the cloud, cyber security, artificial intelligence).
You will learn to describe a device using two structures: can for ability (This device can translate texts) and the present simple for function (It connects to the network automatically).
You will also learn the passive voice, because technology texts usually do not say who does the action: Your data is encrypted, The file was deleted by mistake. Finally you will practise linking advantages and disadvantages with however, therefore, moreover and as a result.
Ön Bilgi
You need three things ready.
First, the present passive in its basic form: is / are + past participle. Technology texts are full of it, and you must be able to build it quickly.
Second, the difference between adjectives ending in -ed and -ing: I am bored versus The lesson is boring; I am amazed by the app versus The app is amazing. Digital writing uses both, and confusing them changes the meaning.
Third, imperatives, because instructions for devices and software are written as direct orders: Press the button, Do not turn off the computer, Save the file before you close it.
Basit Örnek ve Günlük Yaşam
Read this short product description.
This app can translate texts into twelve languages. It works on most phones and tablets, and it is updated every month. Your translations are stored in the cloud, so they are available on all your devices. The free version contains adverts, but they can be removed with a paid subscription.
Notice the mixture: can translate for ability, works for function, and three passives — is updated, are stored, can be removed. No sentence says who does the translating or the updating, because the reader does not need to know.
Now describe an app you use in five sentences. Use one can sentence and two passives.
İleri Örnek
Compare a casual chat message with a product review.
Chat: My phone is so slow now. I think it needs a new battery. The camera is still great though.
Review: The device performs well for everyday tasks; however, the battery drains quickly when the screen brightness is high. Photos are taken accurately in good light, although low-light images appear noisy. Overall, it is recommended for students who need a light, portable machine.
The review uses however and although to balance good and bad points, and it ends with it is recommended for. That structure is exactly what an exam task asks for when it says Write a review of a device you use.
Adım Adım Çözülmüş Örnek
Follow these steps to describe a device.
- Step 1 — Say what it is and who it is for. It is a small device designed for students.
- Step 2 — Describe what it can do with can. It can record audio and connect to the network. After can the verb stays in the base form.
- Step 3 — Describe what it normally does with the present simple. It saves your notes automatically. Third person singular adds -s.
- Step 4 — Describe what happens to things with the passive. Files are stored in the cloud. / The battery is charged through a USB port.
- Step 5 — Add one advantage and one limitation. It is light and cheap; however, the screen is small. Use however between two sentences, not between two verbs.
Karşılaştırma Tablosu
Technology words are often confused with each other. This table separates the main pairs.
| Word | Meaning | Example |
|---|
| hardware | the physical parts | The hardware includes a fast processor. |
| software | the programs | The software was updated yesterday. |
| download | move a file to your device | I downloaded the update. |
| upload | send a file from your device | She uploaded the video. |
| log in | enter a system with an account | Log in with your username. |
| back up | make a copy for safety | Back up your files every week. |
| stream | watch or listen while downloading | We stream music at work. |
| virtual reality | a computer-made world | VR is used in training. |
| artificial intelligence | machines that learn and decide | AI translates texts instantly. |
Careful: hardware and software are uncountable. There is no softwares.
Sık Yapılan Hatalar
Six mistakes are typical of technology texts.
- Making software, hardware or data plural. Write software is, data is in everyday English, never softwares or datas.
- Confusing download and upload. A file comes down to you when you download it and goes up from you when you upload it.
- Writing I am boring when you mean I am bored. The -ed adjective describes your feeling; the -ing adjective describes the thing that causes it.
- Using the active voice with no subject. Updated the app yesterday is not a sentence; write The app was updated yesterday.
- Saying in the internet. The correct preposition is on: on the internet, online.
- Confusing log in and log on to a website. You log in to an account and log out of it; the preposition is to, not in.
Özet
Technology texts mix ability, function and the passive.
- Devices: smartphone, tablet, laptop, wearable, screen.
- Actions: download, upload, stream, sync, back up, update, log in, log out, share, post.
- Systems: software, hardware, the cloud, cyber security, virtual reality, artificial intelligence.
- Grammar: can + base form for ability; present simple for function; passive for what happens without a named agent.
- Linking: however for contrast, therefore and as a result for consequence, moreover for addition.
- Uncountable: software, hardware, data, information.
Kendini Dene
Answer in full sentences and then check the key.
- Complete: This app ____ (can / cans) translate texts.
- Which sentence is correct? (a) I found the information in the internet. (b) I found the information on the internet. (c) I found the information at the internet.
- Put into the passive: They update the software every month.
- Rewrite correctly: I am boring during long online lessons.
- Fill in: The files are stored ____ the cloud. (in / on / at / by)
- Write five sentences about a device you use. Use can once, the passive twice and however once.
Answer key: 1) can — modals never take -s. 2) (b) — the fixed preposition with internet is on. 3) The software is updated every month. 4) I am bored during long online lessons. — the lesson causes the feeling, so the person takes the -ed form. 5) in — in the cloud is the standard phrase. 6) Any correct text, e.g. My laptop can connect to two networks at the same time. It is used for school work and for video calls. The battery is charged through a USB port; however, it does not last a whole day. Notes are saved automatically in the cloud.
