10. Sınıfİngilizce
İngilizce · 10. Sınıf · Digital Era
Eylemi kimin yaptığı önemli değilse ya da bilinmiyorsa edilgen (passive) yapı kullanılır. Özne, eylemi yapan değil eylemden etkilenen olur.
| Aktif (Active) | Edilgen (Passive) |
|---|---|
| People use smartphones everywhere. | Smartphones are used everywhere. |
| Tim Berners-Lee invented the Web. | The Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee. |
| They produce AI chips in Taiwan. | AI chips are produced in Taiwan. |
| Someone stole my password. | My password was stolen. |
Edilgen cümlede özne eylemi yapmaz, alır: The car was repaired yesterday. Tense, ana fiil değil be fiiline gelir: present is/are + V3, past was/were + V3, perfect has/have been + V3.
By edatı yalnız eylemi yapan belirtilmek istenirse kullanılır: The poem was written by a young poet. Aktif cümleyi edilgene çevirirken özne belirsizse genellikle tamamen atlanır: Mistakes were made.
Edilgen cümleyi kurmak üç adımda yapılır. Önce aktif cümledeki nesne bulunur, sonra bu nesne cümlenin öznesi yapılır, en sonda zaman bilgisi be fiiline taşınır: They built the house in 1990. → The house was built in 1990. Kalıp her zaman be + V3 biçimindedir.
Zaman be fiilinde değişir: present için is/are + V3 (The app is updated every month.), past için was/were + V3 (The website was created in 2010.), future için will be + V3 (The results will be announced tomorrow.), perfect için has/have been + V3 (The rules have been changed.).
Soru ve olumsuz kurulumlarda yalnız be fiili yer değiştirir: Was the telephone invented in 1876? ve The data isn't shared with third parties. Cümlede V-ing veya yalın fiil görmek, yapının bozulduğunu gösterir.
By yalnızca eylemi yapan belirtilmek istenirse kullanılır: The novel was written by George Orwell. Yapan önemsizse ya da bilinmiyorsa tamamen atlanır: Mistakes were made., The road is being repaired. Bu iki örnek sınavda sıkça tekrarlanır.
En sık yapılan hata, yapanı eklerken yapıyı bozmaktır. The letter was send by her yanlıştır; was sent olmalıdır. Aynı şekilde The house built in 1990 cümlesinde be fiili yoktur, doğrusu was built olmalıdır.
Her fiil edilgen yapı kuramaz. Geçişli olmayan fiiller (arrive, go, sleep, happen) nesne almadığı için pasife çevrilemez: He arrived late. cümlesinin edilgen hâli yoktur. Bu ayrım, şıkları eleme yoluyla hızlı çözmenizi sağlar. Yapıyı görür görmez önce be fiilini, sonra V3'ü kontrol edin.
In this lesson you will learn the passive voice and when English prefers it to the active form. You will study the basic pattern be + past participle and see how the tense is carried by be, not by the main verb: is made, was made, has been made, will be made.
You will learn to transform an active sentence into a passive one: the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive one, and the original subject is either dropped or introduced with by.
You will also learn which verbs cannot be made passive. Intransitive verbs such as arrive, go, sleep, happen have no object, so no passive form exists. Recognising that saves time in multiple-choice tasks, because options with those verbs in the passive can be eliminated immediately.
You need three things before the lesson.
First, the past participle of common verbs. The passive is impossible without it: written, built, invented, produced, stored, discovered.
Second, the verb be in all the tenses you have studied, because the passive uses them all: am/is/are, was/were, has/have been, will be, is being. If the form of be is wrong, the whole sentence is wrong.
Third, the difference between transitive and intransitive verbs. Only verbs that take an object (make, write, build, send) can be passive. A quick test: if you can ask what? after the verb, it can probably be made passive.
Read this short text and underline the passive verbs.
Smartphones are produced in several countries, and most of the parts are manufactured in Asia. The first mobile call was made in 1973. Today, more than six billion devices are used around the world. New models are announced every year, and old ones are replaced quickly. Recycling programmes are organised in many cities, because electronic waste is not easily broken down.
Not one sentence names the person or company that produces or announces anything. That is exactly why the passive is used: the action matters more than the agent.
Now write three sentences about a product you know, using is, was and are in the passive.
Compare two descriptions of the same discovery.
Active: Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928. He noticed that mould had killed the bacteria in one of his dishes.
Passive: Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. It was noticed that mould had killed the bacteria in one of his dishes.
The first version names the scientist and is natural in a biography. The second puts the discovery first and is natural in an encyclopaedia. Both are correct, but the exam tells you which one it wants: if the task begins with the name of a thing, use the passive.
Note also the impersonal pattern It was noticed that..., which is common in formal scientific English.
The passive is built by combining a tense of be with a past participle.
| Tense | Passive form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| present simple | am / is / are + V3 | The app is updated every month. |
| present continuous | am / is / are being + V3 | The road is being repaired. |
| past simple | was / were + V3 | The Web was invented in 1989. |
| present perfect | has / have been + V3 | The rules have been changed. |
| future | will be + V3 | The results will be announced tomorrow. |
| modal | modal + be + V3 | The data can be stored online. |
Active and passive: People use smartphones → Smartphones are used. The meaning is the same; the focus is different.
The passive moves the focus from the doer to the action.
Answer in full sentences and then check the key.
Answer key: 1) These chips are produced in Taiwan. — the object becomes the subject and the tense is present simple. 2) (b) — the passive needs be plus the past participle written. 3) The rules have been changed. 4) Arrive is intransitive: it has no object, so there is nothing to become the subject of a passive sentence. 5) The data can be stored in the cloud. — a modal is followed by be and then the participle. 6) Any four correct sentences, e.g. The parts are manufactured in Asia. They are shipped by sea. Finally, the phones are assembled in a large factory. A quality check is carried out before they are sold.
<b>"The app is update every week."</b> → Doğrusu: <em>is updated.</em> (be + V3)
<b>"The phone was invent in 1973."</b> → Doğrusu: <em>was invented.</em>
<b>"The data are protect."</b> → Doğrusu: <em>The data are protected.</em>
<b>Sadece V3 kullanmak:</b> <em>The song sang by her</em> yanlış → <em>was sung.</em>
<b>by gereksiz kullanımı:</b> eylemi yapan bilinmiyorsa by eklenmez.
Eylemi kimin yaptığı önemli değilse ya da bilinmiyorsa edilgen (passive) yapı kullanılır. Özne, eylemi yapan değil eylemden etkilenen olur. be + V3 Şekil 8.1: Edilgen yapıda odak, eylemi yapan değil eylemin kendisidir. Passive Forms in All Tenses Edilgen cümlede özne eylemi yapmaz, alır: The car was repaired…
Present Passive → am/is/are + V3: The app is updated every month.
"The app is update every week." → Doğrusu: is updated. (be + V3) "The phone was invent in 1973." → Doğrusu: was invented.
Present Passive → am/is/are + V3: The app is updated every month. · Past Passive → was/were + V3: The website was created in 2010. · Negative → is not / was not + V3: The data isn't shared. · Question → Is/Was + Subject + V3?: Was the phone invented in 1973?
Passive Voice yapısını kurar (be + V3). Eylemi yapanın önemli olmadığı durumlarda edilgen kullanır. Present ve Past Passive'i ayırt eder.
The bridge _____ in 2010.
Doğru cevap: D) was built
Yapı 2010'da tamamlandığı için geçmiş zaman kullanılır: tense «was», ana fiil V3 «built» olur ve boşluk «was built» biçimini alır. Fiili V-ing biçimine sokmak ya da be fiilini atlamak zaman kipini bozar.
English _____ in many countries.
Doğru cevap: A) is spoken
Eylemi yapan kişi önemli olmadığı için nesne özne yapılır ve fiil be + V3 kalıbına girer; boşluğa «is spoken» gelir. Fiili yalnız V3 ya da V1 biçiminde bırakmak tense'i ya da edilgen yapıyı bozar.
The telephone _____ in 1876.
Doğru cevap: B) was invented
was invented kavramı Passive Voice konusunun temel bir kavramıdır. Detaylar konu anlatımında verilmiştir.
Konu anlatımları hesapsız okunur. Quiz, slayt ve deneme için hesap gerekir.
İngilizce için çalışma yolu
Konu anlatımları hesapsız okunur; quiz, slayt ve deneme için hesap gerekir.
Bu sayfa Passive Voice konusunun anlatımını, kazanımlarını ve örnek sorularını içerir. Konuyla ilgili tüm sorular için testi çöz, diğer konular için DersTeders ana sayfasına geçebilirsin.
Bu konuyu çalış: hesap aç, ilerlemen kaydedilsin.
Hesap aç