10. Sınıfİngilizce
İngilizce · 10. Sınıf · LIFE IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD, CITY & SOCIAL
A service is help that an organisation gives to people. In a neighbourhood you usually see a pharmacy, a hospital, a doctor's surgery, a police station, a fire station, a post office, a bank, a municipality and a public library. Each of these has a fixed job. A pharmacy sells medicine and gives advice; a hospital treats serious problems; a doctor's surgery treats common illnesses; the police station protects people and the property; the fire station deals with fire; the post office sends parcels; the bank keeps money safe.
These three modal verbs look similar but they are not the same.
After all three modal verbs we use the first form of the verb and never to or the -ing form. In the negative we add not: You must not smoke in the waiting room.
English speakers are usually indirect when they ask for something. Could you...? is the most polite question form, Would you mind...? is also polite, and Can I...? is neutral but acceptable.
For prices English uses How much is it? and the answer It costs.... How much is a ticket? → It costs twelve lira. The noun price is also common: The price of medicine goes up when the exchange rate changes. When you do not understand a price you say Sorry, could you repeat that, please? or Could you say that again more slowly?
| Place | Who works there | Typical language |
|---|---|---|
| Pharmacy | a pharmacist | Take this medicine three times a day after meals. |
| Doctor's surgery | a doctor, a nurse | How do you feel today? Where does it hurt? |
| Hospital | doctors, nurses, ambulances | The emergency department is on the second floor. |
| Police station | police officers | I want to report a stolen bicycle. |
| Post office | a clerk | How long does the parcel take to arrive? |
| Bank | a clerk, a guard | You must sign your name on the form. |
| Municipality | officials | You need a copy of your residence document. |
| Public library | a librarian | You can borrow six books at a time. |
Patient: Good morning. I have had a sore throat for three days.
Pharmacist: I'm sorry to hear that. Do you have a prescription from a doctor?
Patient: No, I don't. Could you tell me where the nearest surgery is?
Pharmacist: It's on the corner of the park. You should see a doctor before you take any medicine.
Patient: Thank you. How much is a consultation?
Pharmacist: It costs a small fee. You must have your identity card with you.
Notice the three modal verbs in this dialogue: Do you have (a question), you should see (advice) and you must have (a rule). Also notice that I have had is the present perfect, used for a problem that started in the past and still continues.
Bu konuda eczane, hastane, doktor muayenesi, karakol, itfaiye, postane, banka, belediye ve kütüphane gibi hizmet noktalarını ve buralarda çalışan kişileri öğrendik. should + V1 tavsiye verir, must + V1 kural ve görev bildirir, need to + V1 zorunluluk anlatır; üçünün ardından daima yalın fiil gelir. Yardım isterken Could you...? ve Could I...? yapıları kullanılır. Fiyat için How much is it? sorusu ve It costs... yanıtı, çalışma saatleri için present simple kullanılır. Reçete ve ilaçla ilgili cümlelerde reçete, doz, yemek sonrası gibi ifadeler sık geçer.
In this lesson you will learn to ask for help in public services. You will study the vocabulary of places and people — pharmacy, hospital, doctor's surgery, police station, fire station, post office, bank, municipality, public library, pharmacist, nurse, police officer, clerk, librarian — and what each one is for.
You will study the three modal verbs that carry this topic: should for advice, must for an external rule and need to for practical necessity. All three are followed by the base form of the verb.
You will also learn the polite request forms used at a counter — Could you...?, Could I...?, Would you mind...? — and the sentences about price and time: How much is a consultation?, It costs..., What time do you close? You will learn the medical words prescription, dose, appointment, consultation as well.
You need three things ready.
First, the rule that all modal verbs are followed by the base form. You should to wait and You must to bring are wrong; write You should wait and You must bring.
Second, Could you...? versus Could I...? Use Could you when you ask someone else to do something and Could I when you ask permission for yourself. Exam dialogue tasks test exactly this distinction.
Third, the present perfect with for and since, because health problems are described with a duration: I have had a sore throat for three days, It has hurt since Monday.
Read this dialogue at a pharmacy and mark the modals and requests.
Patient: Good morning. I have had a sore throat for three days. Pharmacist: I am sorry to hear that. Do you have a prescription from a doctor? Patient: No, I don't. Could you tell me where the nearest surgery is? Pharmacist: It is on the corner of the park. You should see a doctor before you take any medicine. Patient: Thank you. How much is a consultation? Pharmacist: It costs a small fee, and you must have your identity card with you.
Could you tell me asks for information, you should see gives advice and you must have states a rule. The present perfect have had describes a problem that started in the past and continues.
Now write a similar six-line dialogue at a post office.
Compare a neutral request with a more polite one.
Neutral: Can I make an appointment for Friday?
Polite: Could I make an appointment for Friday afternoon, please? I am afraid Thursday is not possible for me.
The polite version adds please, gives a specific time and explains the constraint. In writing tasks at a service counter, that combination of details is what makes the message complete: what you want, when you want it, and why the obvious alternative does not work.
Follow these steps to ask for help at a service.
Service places and their staff have fixed pairs. Learn them together.
| Place | Who works there | What happens there |
|---|---|---|
| pharmacy | a pharmacist | medicine is sold, advice is given |
| doctor's surgery | a doctor, a nurse | common illnesses are treated |
| hospital | doctors, nurses | serious problems are treated |
| police station | police officers | crimes are reported |
| fire station | firefighters | fires are put out |
| post office | a clerk | parcels are sent |
| bank | a clerk | money is kept and transferred |
| municipality | officials | documents are issued |
| public library | a librarian | books are borrowed |
Careful: a pharmacy gives advice and sells medicine, but a prescription comes from a doctor. In British English chemist's is a common alternative to pharmacy.
Answer in full sentences and then check the key.
Answer key: 1) must — bringing a card to a bank is an external rule, not advice. 2) (a) — Could you asks the other person to act, and the word order in the reported question stays statement order. 3) You should drink more water. 4) for — a period of time takes for; since would need a starting point such as Monday. 5) prescription. 6) Any correct dialogue, e.g. Good morning, could I make an appointment for Friday? — Yes, of course. You should arrive ten minutes early. You must bring your identity card. How much is a consultation? — It costs a small fee. Thank you very much.
A service is help that an organisation gives to people. In a neighbourhood you usually see a pharmacy, a hospital, a doctor's surgery, a police station, a fire station, a post office, a bank, a municipality and a public library. Each of these has a fixed job. A pharmacy sells medicine and gives advice; a hospital…
Modal fiillerden should, must ve need to sonrasında yalın fiil gelir, 'to' gelmez.
Modalden sonra 'to' eklemek: 'You must to show your card' denmez; doğru biçim 'You must show your card' olur çünkü modal fiiller yalın fiille kullanılır. Fiyat sorusunu yanlış kurmak: bir biletin fiyatı için 'How many is the ticket?' değil, 'How much is the ticket?' denir çünkü fiyat ölçülen bir büyüklüktür.
should + V1 (advice): You should see a doctor. · must + V1 (rule): You must bring your identity card. · need to + V1 (necessity): We need to make an appointment. · How much is it? → It costs twelve lira.
Eczane, hastane, doktor muayenesi, karakol, itfaiye, postane, banka ve belediye hizmetlerini tanır. should, must ve need to modal fiillerini doğru bağlamda ayırt eder. Yer ve yön bilgisi isteyen nazik soruları doğru yapıda kurar.
Students _____ bring their identity cards to the police station when they apply for a document.
Doğru cevap: A) must
The identity card is required by the institution, so this is a rule and the modal must is correct. Modal verbs are always followed by the first form of the verb, so 'must to' is impossible, and 'should to' and 'am must' are not grammatical forms at all.
Choose the correct sentence about the neighbourhood square.
Doğru cevap: D) There is a pharmacy and a post office on the square.
When two singular nouns are joined with and, the verb agrees with the first one, so 'there is' is used. 'There are' with two singular nouns is wrong, the third option mixes a singular and a plural form for singular nouns, and 'there have' is not a form of the verb exist.
Put the words in the correct order: where / is / the / nearest / bank.
Doğru cevap: A) Where is the nearest bank?
Where is the kavramı Getting help from services (pharmacies, hospitals, etc.) konusunun temel bir kavramıdır. Detaylar konu anlatımında verilmiştir.
Konu anlatımları hesapsız okunur. Quiz, slayt ve deneme için hesap gerekir.
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