Shopping and Shops

Konu Anlatımı

Shopping — Alışveriş

Alışveriş; mağazaları, ürünleri, fiyatları ve ödeme yöntemlerini kapsar. Bu konuda temel alışveriş kelime dağarcığını öğreniyoruz.

Fiyat, İndirim ve Ödeme Kalıpları

Fiyat sormak için iki doğal kalıp vardır: How much is it? ve How much does it cost? İkisi de doğrudur; soruda ürün tekil ise it zamiri kullanılır ve fiil cost geçişli olduğundan nesne kendisidir.

İndirim üç yolla anlatılır: It is on sale. (indirimde), There is a twenty per cent discount. (%20 indirim var), It is half price. (yarı fiyatına). Ödeme için ise Can I pay by card? (kartla) ve I'd like to pay in cash. (nakit) kullanılır; araç için by, nakit için in edatı değişmez.

Alışverişin sonunda fiş ve para üstü konuşulur: Can I have a receipt, please? ve Here is your change. İade ve değişim isteğinde ise I'd like a refund, please. ya da Can I exchange it for another size? kalıpları kullanılır.

Mağaza Türleri ve Yer Edatları

Mağaza adları çoğu zaman 's yapısıyla söylenir: the butcher's, the baker's, the chemist's. Süpermarket, mağaza ve pazar ise düz isimdir: the supermarket, the department store, the market. Hangi ürünün nereden alındığı eşleştirme sorularının temelidir.

Yer edatları mağaza türüne göre değişmez ama yerleşim belirtir: at the butcher's, in the market, on the high street. At belirli bir dükkânı, in kapalı bir alanı, on ise caddede konumu gösterir.

Sınav stratejisi: soruda ürün adı verilmişse doğrudan mağaza türüne gidin. bread → bakery, medicine → pharmacy, meat → butcher's eşleşmeleri ezberlenmeden çözülemez; bu üçlü en sık çıkan eşleştirmedir.

Ne Öğreneceğiz

In this lesson you will learn the language of shopping. You will study the names of shops and what each one sells — supermarket, bakery, butcher's, chemist's, department store, shopping mall, market stall — and the products that match them: bread from a bakery, medicine from a pharmacy, meat from the butcher's.

You will learn how to ask about price and discount: How much is it?, How much does it cost?, It is on sale, There is a twenty per cent discount, It is half price. You will also learn the payment expressions: Can I pay by card?, I'd like to pay in cash, Can I have a receipt, please?

Finally you will learn the phrases used for trying things on, asking for another size, and asking for a refund or an exchange: Could I try it on?, Do you have this in a larger size?, I'd like a refund, Can I exchange it?

Ön Bilgi

You need three things before the lesson.

First, question forms with how much. How much is it? asks about price; the verb cost is transitive, so in the question form it needs do / does: How much does it cost?

Second, prepositions of place with shops: at for a named shop (at the butcher's), in for an enclosed area (in the market), on for a street (on the high street).

Third, the possessive form of shop names. Many shops are named after the person who owns them, so they take 's: the baker's, the butcher's, the chemist's. Learn these three as fixed expressions, because exam matching tasks use them constantly.

Basit Örnek ve Günlük Yaşam

Read this short shopping conversation.

Shop assistant: Can I help you? Customer: Yes, please. How much does this jacket cost? Assistant: It is eighty-five lira, but it is on sale today. Customer: Could I try it on? Assistant: Of course. The fitting rooms are over there. Customer: Thanks. Do you have it in a larger size? Assistant: Yes, here you are. Customer: Great. Can I pay by card? Assistant: Certainly. Would you like a receipt?

The conversation contains the usual stages: an offer of help, a price question, a request to try on, a size question and payment. Every stage has one fixed sentence, and dialogue-completion tasks test exactly those sentences.

Now write a similar six-line dialogue about buying a birthday present.

İleri Örnek

Compare a quick market exchange with a complaint in a shop.

Market: How much are the tomatoes? — Ten lira a kilo. — I'll take two kilos, please.

Complaint: Excuse me, I bought these shoes here yesterday, but the sole has come off. Could I have a refund, please? I have the receipt with me.

The market exchange is short and direct. The complaint stays polite but gives two pieces of evidence: what is wrong (the sole has come off) and the proof (I have the receipt). In a writing task about a problem, always include both.

Adım Adım Çözülmüş Örnek

Follow these steps to ask about a product correctly.

1. Step 1 — Ask about the product politely. Excuse me, how much is this bag? For plural items: How much are these bags?
2. Step 2 — Ask about a discount if the price matters. Is there a discount? / Is it on sale? Answers: It is half price, There is a ten per cent discount.
3. Step 3 — Ask to try it on. Could I try it on, please? For food: Could I taste it?
4. Step 4 — Ask about other options. Do you have this in a larger size? / Do you have it in blue?
5. Step 5 — Ask how to pay. Can I pay by card? / I'd like to pay in cash.
6. Step 6 — Finish with the receipt or a request. Can I have a receipt, please? / I'd like a refund, please.

Karşılaştırma Tablosu

Shop names and their products are a frequent exam topic.

Careful: at the butcher's, in the market, on the high street. These three prepositions are fixed.

Sık Yapılan Hatalar

Six mistakes are common in shopping English.

• Dropping the 's in shop names. Say at the butcher's, not at the butcher, when you mean the shop. (Butcher alone is the person.)
• Writing How much it costs? The question needs the auxiliary: How much does it cost?
• Using in with a single shop. In the bakery is possible but less natural for a visit; the standard phrase is at the bakery. Use in for enclosed spaces such as the market or the mall.
• Confusing price and prize. A price is what you pay; a prize is what you win.
• Saying I'd like a change when you want a different item. Change is the money returned to you; an exchange of goods is Can I exchange it, please?
• Confusing sale and sell. Goods are on sale (reduced); shops sell things.

Özet

Shopping English is built from fixed sentences, so it is easy to learn and easy to test.

• Shops: bakery, butcher's, chemist's, greengrocer's, supermarket, department store, shopping mall, market.
• Price: How much is it?, How much does it cost?, It costs..., on sale, half price, a ten per cent discount.
• Trying and choosing: Could I try it on?, Do you have this in a larger size?
• Paying: by card, in cash, Can I have a receipt, please?
• Problems: I'd like a refund, Can I exchange it for another size?
• Prepositions: at the shop, in the mall, on the high street.

Kendini Dene

Answer in full sentences and then check the key.

1. Complete: How much ____ this bag cost? (do / does / is)
2. Which shop sells meat? (bakery / butcher's / chemist's / greengrocer's)
3. Rewrite correctly: I bought it at butcher.
4. Fill in: Can I pay ____ credit card? (by / in / with / on)
5. Change into a polite request: Give me a receipt.
6. Write a six-line shopping dialogue. Include a price question, a request to try something on, a payment question and the receipt.

Answer key: 1) does — the verb cost needs the auxiliary do / does in questions, and this bag is singular. 2) butcher's. 3) I bought it at the butcher's. — the shop takes the possessive 's and the article. 4) by — payment methods take by: by card, by cash is less common than in cash but by card is fixed. 5) Could I have a receipt, please? 6) Any correct dialogue, e.g. Excuse me, how much is this shirt? It is forty lira, but it is on sale. Could I try it on? Of course, the fitting room is there. Can I pay by card? Certainly. Can I have a receipt, please? Here you are.