Activities in Their Capitals and Countries

Ne Öğreneceğiz

What people do in big cities and in their countries: sightseeing, shopping, sport, boat trips, cafés and city rules, with the present simple, adverbs of frequency and transport phrases. Bu konuda ögrenme çıktıları:

• Names common free-time and tourist activities and says where people do them.
• Uses the present simple with adverbs of frequency to describe regular activities.
• Talks about transport with on foot, by bus, by underground, by bike and by boat.
• Explains rules and advice for visitors with must, must not, should and it is worth.
• Describes what visitors do in a capital and compares the seasons of a city.
• Spots and corrects mistakes with the third person singular, after prepositions and after verbs like enjoy and watch.

Ön Bilgi

Bu konuya başlamadan önce temel kavram ve ön koşulları kavramanız yardımcı olacaktır. Konunun çerçevesinde şu kavramlar dikkat ister:

• Free-time activities in a capital are repeated actions, so they take the present simple and a time expression such as on Sundays or in summer.
• Adverbs of frequency stand after the verb be and before any other main verb, and their order is always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never.
• On foot means walking and it has no article; every vehicle after by also has no article, but after ride the vehicle takes an article.
• The verb enjoy, the verb mind and the phrase it is worth are always followed by a gerund, and this is one of the most tested points in this unit.
• Must and must not express rules, should and should not express advice, and all of them are followed by the base form of the verb without any ending.
• In a protected old town there are usually two kinds of rule: no photos inside religious buildings and quiet behaviour in public places.
• Seasonal comparison uses comparatives, such as more crowded in summer, and the best month uses a superlative.
• A city tour has a length and a price, and both are asked for with how long and how much in the same way as a journey.

Basit Örnek ve Günlük Yaşam

Günlük yaşamda ve mesleki bağlamda bir uygulama:

Soru: Describe what the people in a capital city do at the weekend with the present simple.

1. Step 1: Choose an activity that really happens there, such as visiting a museum or walking in a park.
2. Step 2: Use the third person plural or the first person plural so that the verb is easy and correct.
3. Step 3: Add a frequency adverb in the correct position, usually or often.
4. Step 4: Add a place expression with the correct preposition, in the park or at the museum.

Sonuç/cevap: They usually visit a museum on Saturday mornings and they often walk in the park in the afternoon.

İleri Örnek

Daha ileri bir uygulama:

Soru: Recommend one free-time activity in a capital city and support it with two reasons.

1. Step 1: Name the activity with a gerund so that the reader understands the plan.
2. Step 2: Begin the advice with should or with the phrase it is worth plus a gerund.
3. Step 3: Give the first reason with because, for example the price or the view.
4. Step 4: Give the second reason in a short sentence with also, and finish clearly.

Sonuç/cevap: I recommend taking the boat trip on the river because it is cheap and the view is wonderful, and you also see the whole city from the water.

Adım Adım Çözülmüş Örnek

Example 1: Describing a Regular Activity konusunun adımları:

1. Step 1: Choose an activity that really happens there, such as visiting a museum or walking in a park.
2. Step 2: Use the third person plural or the first person plural so that the verb is easy and correct.
3. Step 3: Add a frequency adverb in the correct position, usually or often.
4. Step 4: Add a place expression with the correct preposition, in the park or at the museum.

Karşılaştırma Tablosu

Sık Yapılan Hatalar

Forgetting the third person ending: Write she goes sightseeing every summer, because a singular subject needs the ending on the verb in the present simple.

Putting an article after by: Say by bus and by underground with no article, and use the verb ride with an article when you mean one particular vehicle.

Using a base form with a modal: Modals are always followed by the plain verb, so write you must not take and you should visit without any ending.

Using an infinitive after enjoy: This verb needs a gerund, so write she enjoys visiting museums and never she enjoys to visit museums.

Forgetting the -ing form after go: The activities take a gerund, so write go sightseeing, go shopping and go swimming, not go to sightseeing.

Confusing a rule with advice: Use must and must not when something is not allowed, and use should and should not when you are only giving a recommendation.

Özet

The activities of a capital city take the present simple, because they are repeated actions, and the adverbs of frequency stand after the verb be and before another main verb. Transport has its own rules: on foot for walking, by plus a vehicle with no article, and ride plus a vehicle with an article. Rules use must and must not, advice uses should and should not, and it is worth is followed by a gerund. A city changes with the season, so compare the crowds with a comparative and name the best month with a superlative.

Kendini Dene

Soru: Write a paragraph of 80-110 words about what people usually do in your capital city at the weekend. Give four activities with the correct verbs, two frequency adverbs in the right position, one place with a preposition and one piece of advice for a visitor.

Örnek cevap: Marking key: four realistic activities with correct verbs (6 points); two adverbs of frequency in the correct position (4 points); correct third person forms where needed (3 points); one place with a correct preposition (3 points); one piece of advice with should or it is worth (2 points); spelling and punctuation (2 points). Total 20 points.